The quick growth in the aviation industry has laid the groundwork for the development of materials used in aircraft construction. The main factor is the reduction in weight and increased service life of aircraft components, resulting in lower costs. Therefore, a lot of research was done for improving materials by optimized properties to reduce weight, increase damage tolerance, fatigue and corrosion resistance. The main purpose of the continuous development of new materials in aviation applications is to increase fuel efficiency and performance, and to reduce costs. Titanium and Nickel alloys are the most commonly used in the demanding industries like aerospace, energy, petrochemical, and biomedical. These highly engineered alloys offer unique combination of heat resistance, corrosion resistance, toughness, high operating temperature, and strength-to-weight ratio. These alloys are termed as “Difficult to machine materials” because of their low machinability rating. They are difficult to machine because of properties like low thermal conductivity, high strength at elevated temperatures, and high chemical reactivity. At the same time, superalloys are a valuable class of high temperature materials used in the strongest parts of jet and rocket engines where temperatures get to 1200-1400 °C
Ti-based alloys are structural materials widely utilized in the aviation industry. These alloys are known to exhibit features such as superior biocompatibility, osseointegration, high wear and corrosion strength and superior compressive strength within the body. The low thermal conductivity of the materials causes high temperatures in the cutting region. This temperature in the cutting region is high average. Demand for titanium is steadily improving in the aerospace industry, and other alloy forms, from aluminum alloys, steels, etc. Titanium also resists corrosion factors by forming oxide in the surface layer in application environments. Titanium alloys are also frequently used in airframe subjected to air-kinetic heating due to its thermal stability
Ni-based alloys – The ability to retain high mechanical and chemical properties at elevated temperatures makes superalloys an excellent material for use in rotary and stationary components of jet engines. Components manufactured by superalloys are lighter than those produced from traditional steel. Approximately 50% by weight of aircraft engine alloys are nickel-based alloys. These alloys present a higher strength / weight ratio than steel with higher density.
The superalloys are an exceptional metal class with a combination of high temperature resistance, toughness and resistance to oxidizing environments. Nickel-based superalloys are commonly applied in engine parts for instance engine compressor discs, turbine disc, bearing parts, housing, fins and other running parts.